Dec. 15, 2025

Quaker Beard Man: James VI and I

Quaker Beard Man: James VI and I
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A baby crowned in a cradle. A teenage king kidnapped by his own nobles. A husband sailing into lethal storms to bring home his bride—and returning convinced that enemies could conjure weather. Our latest deep dive follows James VI of Scotland, later James I of England, as fear, faith, and politics collide to shape a reign that still echoes today.

We start with the messy family tree that made James heir to both Scotland and the Tudor bloodline, then drop into the chaos of regents, assassinations, and the Ruthven Raid that hardened his belief in centralized royal power. From strict Calvinist tutoring to a lifetime of scanning the horizon for danger, you’ll hear how early trauma forged a scholarly, suspicious monarch who wrote about divine right and self-preservation in the same breath.

The story turns dark on the North Berwick Witch Trials, where tortured confessions, court gossip, and theological zeal fueled prosecutions—and led James to publish Demonology. Yet this same king authorized a work of peace: the King James Bible. We unpack the Hampton Court Conference, why Puritans and bishops clashed, and how 47 translators crafted the musical cadence that would define English worship and literature for centuries.

Along the way, we revisit the Gunpowder Plot through James’s own eyes, explore his controversial reliance on favorites like the Duke of Buckingham, and humanize the ruler behind the portraits: brilliant, awkward, affectionate, and endlessly wary. His end—dysentery in 1625—was humbling, but his legacy is immense: a union of crowns and a translation that outlived every factional fight.

If you love smart history with humor, nuance, and a few bar-side detours, press play. Then subscribe, share with a friend, and leave a review to help more curious listeners find the show. What part of James’s story surprised you most?

Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (ODNB) – “James VI and I”
Author: Jenny Wormald
https://www.oxforddnb.com/display/10.1093/ref:odnb/oxford_dnb_9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-14592

The National Archives (UK) – Gunpowder Plot & James I materials
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/gunpowder-plot/

British Library – King James Bible Project
https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/king-james-bible
https://www.bl.uk/treasures/kingjamesbible/introduction.html

Daemonologie (1597) – King James VI
https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/25929

North Berwick Witch Trials – University of Edinburgh “Survey of Scottish Witchcraft”
https://witches.is.ed.ac.uk/

Historic Environment Scotland – Mary, Queen of Scots
https://www.historicenvironment.scot/learn/learning-resources/mary-queen-of-scots/

Westminster Abbey – James I Burial & Death
https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/royals/james-i

Royal Household / Royal.uk – James VI and I Profile
https://www.royal.uk/james-i

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00:00 - Banter, Bar Stories, And Setup

02:35 - Addressing Criticism And Ground Rules

04:30 - Tasting Mead And Episode Launch

06:45 - James VI’s Lineage And Infant Crown

10:40 - Regents, Factional Chaos, And Kidnap

14:50 - Tutors, Calvinism, And The Riven Raid

19:20 - Anne Of Denmark And Storms At Sea

22:30 - North Berwick Trials And Demonology

28:10 - Gunpowder Plot And Royal Suspicion

31:10 - Favorites, Court Etiquette, And Rumors

34:10 - Why The King James Bible Was Commissioned

39:00 - Translators, Process, And Lasting Style

43:10 - Decline, Dysentery, And Legacy

46:30 - Wrap-Up, Drinks Review, And CTA

WEBVTT

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Hey!

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Oh, hey there.

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How are you?

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We're the History Buffoons.

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You know who you answered my question?

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I am well.

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I am Kate.

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How are you?

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And I am Bradley.

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And this is History Buffoons.

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Yeah, I said that.

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I know.

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Okay.

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Oh yeah.

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The good times.

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Oh, good times, good times.

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Great oldies.

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Am I right?

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Who are you speaking about?

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Me.

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Yeah, that's right.

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I'm a great oldie.

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No, it's good times, great oldies was a tagline for a radio station in the the greater Milwaukee area.

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And I think I don't remember which one it was.

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Doesn't matter.

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But uh yeah.

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Um hey.

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Hi.

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Oh, hey there.

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He'd where the history of buffoons.

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We went out to uh lunch today.

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Prior to recording.

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Uh our working lunch.

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Right before podcasting.

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100% working lunch.

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Um and our favor one of our favorite bartenders was there.

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Two of our favorite bartenders.

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But like Jess is our like nothing against Dano.

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We love Dano.

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Jess is our favorite when we go there.

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And I didn't really listen to her before, but I really paid attention to how she was talking to other patrons.

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And she is so scony.

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She's such a really is it's oh my god.

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It's fucking great.

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I love I love Dano too, though.

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They're all great.

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We we hadn't gone there on a recording day in months.

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Like probably August.

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Probably three to four months at least, if I had to guess.

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Yeah.

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And when we first got there, no places at the bar.

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So we sat at a table.

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I went up and got us, was gonna get us some beers.

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Instantly, Dana goes, Two sudos.

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Yep.

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Yep.

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Gets me the beers.

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You want me to put some uh chips and dip in for you right away?

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You're too good, you're too good to meet Dana.

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We sure do.

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And then luckily, um a couple spots opened up so we were able to sit at the bar because it just it feels more right there.

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Yeah, that's just what we're used to, and we're chatting with uh the people that work there, Jess and Dan, and of course having our our business lunch.

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I mean, I mean we mentioned the podcast.

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I think we said it once or twice.

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Yeah, maybe maybe less than that, but yeah.

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Um so I would like to first address something.

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Oh, okay prior to getting into our episode.

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Okay.

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We do what we do and we like what we do.

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We don't expect everyone to like it.

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And that's okay.

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There's something out there for everybody, that's for sure.

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Correct, and that's okay if if you don't like it.

00:03:00.960 --> 00:03:08.080
But the problem I had with a recent comment we got wasn't it wasn't so constructive.

00:03:08.400 --> 00:03:10.479
It was, hey, I'm in a name call.

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So for for this episode, I will be known as Quaker Beard Man.

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Quaker Beard Man.

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Because that's what this called me.

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Don't name call back.

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Well, he he name called me.

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And I'd also like to point out when you use a uh possessive thing, there's an apostrophe S, not just an S.

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I understand what we do isn't for everybody, and that's okay.

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We are we are literally called buffoons, not buffs.

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So we may get some stuff wrong.

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Or mispronounce or mispronounce, or whatever it might be, we get that.

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We we we have fun doing this.

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It's more or less for you and me, right?

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Oh, yeah.

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Um, we we are very grateful for everyone who listens and that subscribes and so on.

00:04:06.879 --> 00:04:09.599
We we appreciate each and every one of you.

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If you have a current constructive criticism, just send it to us.

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100%.

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Hey.

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But no, no need for no need for name calling.

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No need for name calling.

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And that's that's the only reason why I did it is because thought I should give it back.

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That's the only time I'm gonna do it.

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But I am Quaker Beard Man.

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This is Kate.

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Let's get into it.

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I um we're walking through Festival's um alcohol section.

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Liquor department, yes.

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The liquor department.

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And alcohol section.

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That's fucking awesome.

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And um, there was a beer.

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Nope, there was a bee.

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There was a bee on a wine bottle, and it it caught my attention.

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I'm a bee person.

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It's your favorite little animal.

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Yeah, and it's called the uh Dora County Winery Black or Dor Peninsula Winery.

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Dor Peninsula Winery.

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Wow.

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You messed that up already.

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Called Blackberry Citrus Buzz.

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It sounded really interesting.

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Read them the little ingredients that are under the small words there.

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Mead with blackberry, lemon, and honey.

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And as your husband makes mead, makes honey mead, yeah.

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Well, most mead, if I'm not mistaken, is from honey.

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Yes, it is how you make mead.

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Yeah.

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So this is a mead, but we saw this and we're like, that sounds interesting.

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Yeah.

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So uh cheers.

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Cheers.

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I want to read the back.

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All right, I'm gonna drink.

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Okay, it says, What's the buzz?

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It's blackberries for sure.

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Maybe with sweet honey made with sweet honey.

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Interesting.

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Juicy blackberries and lemon.

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Blackberry citrus buzz is fruit sensation.

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Lemon makes the blackberry pot for just the right amount of sweet, tart, and fruit.

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Frankly, it's the bee's knees.

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This is on you.

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That's not bad.

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You like it?

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I think I do.

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What was the other kind there?

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Do you recall?

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Oh, there was another one.

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Shit, what was it?

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Ooh.

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Yeah, it's kind of smells like pie.

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It kind of smells like pie.

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Oh, that's still it.

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I need another way.

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I don't recall what that other one is because that other one sounded pretty decent, too.

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Oh my.

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But I'm that's delicious.

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If I do say so much hell.

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And I also have a uh gin and tonic backup.

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Because I ain't no idiot.

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Okay.

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Let's get into the show.

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Absolutely.

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So appreciate everyone being here.

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Uh yes, thank you for listening.

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And if you aren't already subscribed, please do so.

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Yeah, and please shoot us an email if you have constructive criticism.

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No need to the name call.

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Just we're here for everybody.

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Okay, so I've got a couple of questions for you.

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Okay.

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Um and it's gonna be throughout.

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Oh, okay.

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Yeah.

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Okay.

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Um, so the first one.

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Oh, we got one right away.

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Oh, yeah.

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We've got one right away.

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Oh dear.

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What is the relationship from what is the relationship of James the Sixth of Scotland to James the First of England?

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It's the same person.

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It's the same person! Yeah.

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Good job.

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Thank you.

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Yeah.

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I have another question for you.

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Way to spread them out.

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Like you said.

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I know.

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This one is it fact or fiction?

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Fact or fiction.

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Well, I guess it's uh multiple choice.

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Okay.

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Okay, it's either one or the other.

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Anyway.

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Okay, James.

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We're gonna talk about James the Sixth of Scotland and James the first of England.

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Yeah.

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Yeah.

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So James once wrote a political essay outlining how kings could protect themselves from assassination attempts.

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Okay.

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Or B, James tried to escape his escape his tutors by climbing out of the window and getting stuck halfway.

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Which one is true?

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B.

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A.

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Really?

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Yeah.

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Okay.

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He wrote in a political essay on how to protect oneself from being assassinated as king.

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I mean, okay.

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But the thing is, like, yeah, hey man, I'm kidding.

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I wrote this essay.

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Can't kill me.

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Yeah, they can.

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I know things were obviously a bit different back then because it's not like you had sniper rifles and shit, but okay.

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So James was born in 1566 to Mary, Queen of Scots.

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Yep.

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Bloody Mary.

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No, I'm just kidding.

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Mary, was she Bloody Mary?

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No, that was Mary.

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Mary Queen of Scots is a different.

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That was Mary Tudor.

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Tudor, yeah.

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Yeah.

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I was joking.

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Oh, okay.

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Sorry.

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I don't want anyone to call us out on anything.

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I'll let it go eventually.

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Okay, so Mary was the daughter of King James V of Scotland.

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Okay.

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And the great granddaughter of Henry the Seventh of England.

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Oh, hey.

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He was brought up in that.

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Recently.

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Yeah.

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Yeah.

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That's what we were called out on.

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So making James the direct heir to both the Scottish and the Tudor bloodlines.

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Correct.

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So because I am confused with all the names and they're all the same and bullshit.

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Yeah.

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I wrote down the quick uh succession.

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Sure.

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So it was Henry Seventh had daughter Margaret Tudor.

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Yep.

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Who had son James V of Scotland.

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Yep.

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Who had Mary, Queen of Scots, who had James VI.

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Correct.

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What a tangled web we weave.

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It is.

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Or they weave.

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So one year after James was born, um, Scottish nobles actually forced Mary to abdicate the throne.

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Um, she was in the midst of scandal and unrest, and her infant son, still, you know, in a cradle pretty much, was crowned king.

00:10:07.840 --> 00:10:11.200
Well, yeah, I mean, that's that's how things went back then.

00:10:12.159 --> 00:10:19.519
And even it's so funny how, like, well, he's the heir, he's he's six months old.

00:10:19.759 --> 00:10:21.679
Like, yeah, he's still a son.

00:10:21.919 --> 00:10:22.320
Still the heir.

00:10:22.639 --> 00:10:23.120
He's male.

00:10:23.200 --> 00:10:23.840
Yeah, yeah.

00:10:24.399 --> 00:10:26.080
That's that's the way to go.

00:10:26.480 --> 00:10:34.080
I mean, but Mary, um, a pench so she was married and then he died of sickness, her first husband.

00:10:34.320 --> 00:10:34.639
Okay.

00:10:35.120 --> 00:10:39.120
She married a second husband.

00:10:39.519 --> 00:10:39.840
Okay.

00:10:40.480 --> 00:10:42.320
And who and that was James's father.

00:10:42.960 --> 00:10:43.519
James's father.

00:10:43.679 --> 00:10:43.840
Okay.

00:10:44.000 --> 00:10:44.320
Okay.

00:10:44.799 --> 00:10:46.240
What was his the father's name?

00:10:47.120 --> 00:10:47.679
Henry.

00:10:47.840 --> 00:10:51.600
Henry of uh Darnley or something like that.

00:10:51.919 --> 00:10:52.399
Darnley?

00:10:52.960 --> 00:10:54.240
Henry of something.

00:10:56.320 --> 00:11:03.279
I feel like this is a piece of information you should have, not have to look up.

00:11:03.600 --> 00:11:08.320
So while while we're waiting for Kate to I don't know what you're talking about.

00:11:08.399 --> 00:11:12.879
It was Henry Stewart who was Lord Darnley, like I said.

00:11:14.639 --> 00:11:15.519
Not exactly.

00:11:16.000 --> 00:11:20.320
He was the king of Scotland and the second husband to marry Queen of Scots.

00:11:21.279 --> 00:11:22.399
I already knew that.

00:11:23.200 --> 00:11:24.960
Again, when you looked it up.

00:11:25.440 --> 00:11:26.399
Cheers, am I right?

00:11:26.559 --> 00:11:27.039
This is so good.

00:11:27.120 --> 00:11:27.600
Oh my gosh.

00:11:27.840 --> 00:11:28.399
This is pretty tasty.

00:11:28.799 --> 00:11:30.320
Oh man, we should get another one.

00:11:31.120 --> 00:11:35.600
Okay, so she potentially had her second husband killed.

00:11:35.759 --> 00:11:36.000
Oh.

00:11:36.320 --> 00:11:37.440
James's father.

00:11:37.679 --> 00:11:38.000
Okay.

00:11:39.120 --> 00:11:43.600
Then married the man that people suspected of killing him?

00:11:43.759 --> 00:11:44.639
Of killing him.

00:11:44.879 --> 00:11:45.279
Really?

00:11:45.519 --> 00:11:45.759
Yeah.

00:11:45.919 --> 00:11:49.120
So there was a lot of what is happening with Mary?

00:11:49.279 --> 00:11:51.759
So a lot of controversy.

00:11:52.000 --> 00:11:54.240
Yeah, so she she was forced to abdicate.

00:11:54.639 --> 00:11:57.200
As the English would say, controversy.

00:11:58.240 --> 00:12:01.840
So that meant Scotland was technically under the authority of a baby.

00:12:02.159 --> 00:12:04.879
Well, yeah, I mean, goo gaga, am I right?

00:12:05.120 --> 00:12:10.159
Well, the rear real power fluctuated between regents.

00:12:10.399 --> 00:12:10.720
Okay.

00:12:10.960 --> 00:12:17.840
And they schemed and they fought and they occasionally died in office, and J James kind of grew up in all that tension.

00:12:18.000 --> 00:12:22.879
So isn't it just funny though that like so such a young king, right?

00:12:23.519 --> 00:12:27.120
We had this kind of with the whole Lady Jane Gray, right?

00:12:27.519 --> 00:12:31.759
Um people ran shit.

00:12:32.080 --> 00:12:32.559
Yes.

00:12:32.960 --> 00:12:35.279
Even though they're supposed to.

00:12:35.440 --> 00:12:35.679
Yeah.

00:12:35.919 --> 00:12:37.440
But they're oh, they're underage.

00:12:37.840 --> 00:12:38.320
Yeah.

00:12:38.720 --> 00:12:39.519
I get that.

00:12:39.679 --> 00:12:39.919
Yeah.

00:12:40.159 --> 00:12:42.559
I'm not saying a baby can run a country, obviously.

00:12:42.720 --> 00:12:43.039
Yeah.

00:12:43.200 --> 00:12:47.679
But it's hey, let's put our fucking two cents in here and this benefits me.

00:12:48.159 --> 00:12:52.159
Do you want to go to war with Ireland or do you want to go with to war with France?

00:12:52.320 --> 00:12:53.440
Cry at one.

00:12:55.759 --> 00:12:57.600
Well, he called it France.

00:12:57.759 --> 00:12:58.559
He called it.

00:12:58.799 --> 00:13:01.200
Okay, so he had four regents.

00:13:01.679 --> 00:13:02.000
Okay.

00:13:02.240 --> 00:13:02.559
Okay.

00:13:02.879 --> 00:13:04.799
And they ran the government for James.

00:13:05.200 --> 00:13:06.960
So the first was Earl of Moray.

00:13:07.039 --> 00:13:08.639
He was a Protestant leader.

00:13:08.879 --> 00:13:11.679
He was the first regent in James's half uncle.

00:13:11.919 --> 00:13:13.519
So can I ask a question real quick?

00:13:13.600 --> 00:13:13.919
Yeah.

00:13:14.159 --> 00:13:18.320
When when people when he'd be walking by, but would they be like, that's a Moray?

00:13:18.799 --> 00:13:20.480
That's a Moray.

00:13:23.200 --> 00:13:24.000
Like that?

00:13:25.039 --> 00:13:25.679
Yeah.

00:13:26.000 --> 00:13:27.120
That's a Moray.

00:13:27.200 --> 00:13:27.360
Yeah.

00:13:27.519 --> 00:13:29.519
He's like, that's a Moray walking by.

00:13:29.759 --> 00:13:30.080
Okay.

00:13:30.639 --> 00:13:31.600
So sorry.

00:13:31.759 --> 00:13:32.480
That's okay.

00:13:32.799 --> 00:13:35.120
Earl of Moray was a Protestant leader.

00:13:35.200 --> 00:13:44.320
He was the first regent and James's half-uncle and was assassinated in 1570 by a supporter of Mary, who was very, very Catholic.

00:13:45.200 --> 00:13:48.480
So squ wait, Mary Tudor or Mary Queen of Scots?

00:13:48.960 --> 00:13:49.519
Queen of Scots.

00:13:49.840 --> 00:13:52.639
So was she still supporting the Catholic faith?

00:13:53.200 --> 00:14:04.559
So in Scotland, did they still have they were um they were in a whole bunch of turmoil between the Protestants and the Catholics as well.

00:14:05.039 --> 00:14:13.919
So even though like obviously there's that tie from England to Scotland, it was still kind of because like obviously England at this time is Protestant.

00:14:14.080 --> 00:14:14.399
Yes.

00:14:14.639 --> 00:14:16.559
Because of Henry VIII and all that.

00:14:16.799 --> 00:14:16.960
Yes.

00:14:18.080 --> 00:14:22.000
And now um Elizabeth I is queen at this time.

00:14:22.559 --> 00:14:23.279
Around this time.

00:14:23.519 --> 00:14:24.000
Around this time.

00:14:24.320 --> 00:14:24.480
Yeah.

00:14:24.799 --> 00:14:30.799
I don't know when she starts her succession, but I forget the n the years, but okay.

00:14:31.120 --> 00:14:36.000
But um during this like early reign of James's, she is Queen of England.

00:14:36.320 --> 00:14:36.720
Gotcha.

00:14:37.120 --> 00:14:37.840
Okay, that makes sense.

00:14:37.919 --> 00:14:39.120
So yeah, very Protestant.

00:14:39.200 --> 00:14:44.080
I just didn't know if Scotland was still Catholic.

00:14:44.320 --> 00:14:44.639
Yeah.

00:14:44.879 --> 00:14:48.879
Because they technically were under English rule.

00:14:49.759 --> 00:14:50.879
They were adjacent.

00:14:51.200 --> 00:14:52.000
They were adjacent.

00:14:52.080 --> 00:14:54.480
They weren't under under English rule until James.

00:14:54.799 --> 00:14:55.840
Correct, correct the sixth.

00:14:56.159 --> 00:14:57.200
That's why I meant adjacent.

00:14:57.279 --> 00:15:01.440
Like there was a lot of what's the fucking word I'm looking for?

00:15:01.679 --> 00:15:01.919
Doesn't matter.

00:15:02.799 --> 00:15:02.960
Okay.

00:15:03.039 --> 00:15:03.200
Okay.

00:15:03.279 --> 00:15:03.759
Anyways.

00:15:04.080 --> 00:15:09.919
So um the second regent, um, he was um Matthew Stewart, lure.

00:15:10.399 --> 00:15:11.759
Nope, Earl of Lennox.

00:15:11.919 --> 00:15:12.879
What were you first gonna say?

00:15:13.120 --> 00:15:13.440
Lure.

00:15:13.759 --> 00:15:14.000
Lure.

00:15:14.320 --> 00:15:15.679
Not Earl of Lennox.

00:15:16.399 --> 00:15:17.840
James's grandfather.

00:15:18.000 --> 00:15:20.559
He was James's grandfather on his father's side.

00:15:20.799 --> 00:15:21.120
Okay.

00:15:21.440 --> 00:15:29.200
So Lennox lasted barely a year before he was killed in an attack against the Queen supporters.

00:15:29.440 --> 00:15:29.600
Okay.

00:15:29.919 --> 00:15:30.799
So again.

00:15:31.679 --> 00:15:32.799
Queen supporters.

00:15:32.879 --> 00:15:33.200
Yeah.

00:15:33.360 --> 00:15:37.519
Then came John Erskine, Earl of Mar.

00:15:38.399 --> 00:15:46.000
His authority was immediately challenged, and he died just over a year later from poisoning, although it was never proven.

00:15:46.399 --> 00:15:48.240
Most likely was the case, though.

00:15:48.399 --> 00:15:51.919
And then the last one was James Douglas, Earl of Morton.

00:15:52.080 --> 00:15:54.879
He was the fourth regent in less than four years.

00:15:55.120 --> 00:15:57.360
I heard I've heard of James Douglas before.

00:15:57.759 --> 00:15:58.879
Actually, yeah.

00:16:00.960 --> 00:16:01.519
Zoom type.

00:16:01.679 --> 00:16:01.919
Thank you.

00:16:02.960 --> 00:16:08.559
So Mary Queen of Scots fled to England seeking protection from Elizabeth I.

00:16:09.360 --> 00:16:11.200
And James never saw her again.

00:16:11.679 --> 00:16:12.320
Fucking hell.

00:16:12.480 --> 00:16:12.960
Sorry.

00:16:13.200 --> 00:16:14.159
God damn.

00:16:15.360 --> 00:16:20.639
Because didn't Mary I put Mary Queen of Scots in the Tower of London.

00:16:21.840 --> 00:16:23.200
You mean Elizabeth I?

00:16:24.000 --> 00:16:27.600
I said Elizabeth I put Mary Queen of Scots in the Tower of London.

00:16:27.840 --> 00:16:32.000
I don't know if she was in the Tower of London, but she was definitely held captive for a while.

00:16:32.799 --> 00:16:33.360
I'm not sure where.

00:16:36.159 --> 00:16:37.440
But um Motherfucker.

00:16:37.600 --> 00:16:38.399
I gotta sneeze again.

00:16:38.639 --> 00:16:39.919
If I do, I'm sorry.

00:16:41.039 --> 00:16:41.440
Sorry.

00:16:41.679 --> 00:16:42.559
That's all right.

00:16:42.799 --> 00:16:48.639
Um, so the loss of his mother to captivity um shaped him.

00:16:48.960 --> 00:16:49.360
James.

00:16:49.600 --> 00:16:49.919
Yep.

00:16:50.159 --> 00:16:57.120
And um, but the men who raised him were just as important to him.

00:16:57.360 --> 00:16:58.000
Oh, I'm sure.

00:16:58.159 --> 00:17:00.399
And those were also his tutors.

00:17:01.120 --> 00:17:06.960
So he had regions that ran the government and tutors that ran his like everyday educational life.

00:17:07.359 --> 00:17:10.160
So we're clarifying tutors with a T.

00:17:10.559 --> 00:17:11.440
T, yes.

00:17:11.759 --> 00:17:16.160
So he had one scholar tutor named George Buchanan.

00:17:16.400 --> 00:17:17.759
George Buchanan.

00:17:17.920 --> 00:17:20.480
And he was a strict Calvinist.

00:17:21.119 --> 00:17:22.640
What is Calvinist again?

00:17:22.720 --> 00:17:23.359
I forget.

00:17:23.680 --> 00:17:28.880
They followed teachings of John Calvin, who was a Protestant reformer.

00:17:29.200 --> 00:17:29.519
Okay.

00:17:30.079 --> 00:17:34.240
They believed that God was in charge of everything.

00:17:34.400 --> 00:17:34.720
Yeah.

00:17:34.960 --> 00:17:38.640
Um, God already know knew who was saved and who wasn't.

00:17:39.039 --> 00:17:40.079
See, that seems weird.

00:17:40.240 --> 00:17:46.720
Um, there was strict moral discipline and simple scripture-focused worship.

00:17:46.799 --> 00:17:49.200
There was no fancy rituals, no hierarchies.

00:17:49.599 --> 00:17:50.880
Just straight through the Bible.

00:17:51.039 --> 00:17:52.559
It said, Yeah, follow that word.

00:17:52.640 --> 00:17:52.799
Yeah.

00:17:52.960 --> 00:17:53.119
Okay.

00:17:53.440 --> 00:17:59.680
So they believed elicit discipline was a moral duty, and they pushed James through intense academic education.

00:17:59.920 --> 00:18:00.160
Sure.

00:18:00.319 --> 00:18:03.440
And by age eight, he could read Latin fluently.

00:18:03.599 --> 00:18:03.839
Wow.

00:18:04.079 --> 00:18:09.759
By his teens, he was really comfortable in French and could translate passages of the Bible.

00:18:10.000 --> 00:18:10.319
Okay.

00:18:10.559 --> 00:18:18.319
Um Buchanan even wrote a Latin textbook about James' education, describing his him as intelligent but stubborn.

00:18:18.720 --> 00:18:20.400
Well, I mean, he is eight.

00:18:20.640 --> 00:18:27.920
So despite this intellectual rigor, James's upbringing was not gentle.

00:18:28.480 --> 00:18:31.920
He was surrounded by constant political threat.

00:18:32.319 --> 00:18:34.559
Well, yeah, I mean, look at his position.

00:18:34.640 --> 00:18:35.359
So, okay.

00:18:35.759 --> 00:18:42.559
Scottish noble factions repeatedly comp competed for influence over him, because he's still young.

00:18:42.799 --> 00:18:43.200
Right.

00:18:43.440 --> 00:18:46.880
And those power struggles occasionally turned physical.

00:18:47.200 --> 00:18:47.680
Sure.

00:18:48.079 --> 00:18:53.920
So in 1582, there was the riven raid.

00:18:54.160 --> 00:18:55.119
The ribbon raid?

00:18:55.279 --> 00:18:55.759
Riven.

00:18:56.079 --> 00:18:56.559
Riven.

00:18:56.799 --> 00:19:03.119
It's actually spelled Ruth Ven, R-U-T-H-V-E-N, Ruth Ven, but it's pronounced Riven.

00:19:03.359 --> 00:19:04.400
Oh, I've never heard of that.

00:19:04.480 --> 00:19:04.640
Okay.

00:19:04.960 --> 00:19:05.839
The Riven Raid.

00:19:06.079 --> 00:19:06.640
Tell me more.

00:19:06.799 --> 00:19:18.720
Um, it was a group of Protestant lords who kidnapped the Protestant 15-year-old king and held him captive for 10 months.

00:19:19.039 --> 00:19:19.680
10 months?

00:19:19.839 --> 00:19:20.559
Holy shit.

00:19:20.799 --> 00:19:25.759
A Protestant lord kidnapping a Protestant king.

00:19:26.559 --> 00:19:29.359
Seems counterintuitive, but okay.

00:19:31.119 --> 00:19:39.440
Their goal was to control him and force policy changes they believed aligned with their true religion.

00:19:39.759 --> 00:19:42.480
Well, uh, he's already pure religion, though.

00:19:42.799 --> 00:19:45.839
So James had an advisor.

00:19:46.640 --> 00:19:51.680
He would later become the Earl of Lennox, so not his regent, but another Earl of Lennox.

00:19:52.000 --> 00:19:54.000
And his name was Esme Stuart.

00:19:54.400 --> 00:19:54.720
Esme.

00:19:55.279 --> 00:19:56.240
He was French.

00:19:56.480 --> 00:19:56.799
Oh.

00:19:57.039 --> 00:20:03.119
And he just Recently converted to from Catholicism.

00:20:03.440 --> 00:20:04.000
From?

00:20:04.319 --> 00:20:06.799
So he's very new to the Protestant world.

00:20:07.039 --> 00:20:07.920
He's very new.

00:20:08.799 --> 00:20:11.359
And he got very close to James.

00:20:11.680 --> 00:20:13.279
How did he end up doing that?

00:20:13.680 --> 00:20:17.680
So the kid is 15 or younger.

00:20:17.920 --> 00:20:19.759
So just influence.

00:20:20.160 --> 00:20:26.799
But this riven raid, these captors were thinking James has too much French influence coming in.

00:20:26.960 --> 00:20:27.279
Sure.

00:20:27.519 --> 00:20:32.319
Or James has too much potential Catholic influence coming in.

00:20:32.559 --> 00:20:36.640
Because he this Earl of Lennox just changed to or a combination.

00:20:36.960 --> 00:20:37.599
Or a combination.

00:20:38.240 --> 00:20:39.519
So let's kidnap the king.

00:20:39.759 --> 00:20:44.799
Well, yeah, because then he can be like, all right, I'm Protestant, wink, wink, nudge, nudge.

00:20:45.200 --> 00:20:49.279
But I got these values from my Catholic past.

00:20:50.160 --> 00:20:53.119
And also, hey, we are Francois.

00:20:53.359 --> 00:20:53.920
Francois.

00:20:54.559 --> 00:21:00.559
So James was confined, monitored, lectured daily, but he eventually escaped.

00:21:00.799 --> 00:21:01.359
How did he do it?

00:21:01.519 --> 00:21:02.799
Just on the cloak of night.

00:21:04.319 --> 00:21:09.839
He just he just found an opportunity to leave the castle where he was staying.

00:21:10.079 --> 00:21:11.680
God took him 10 months.

00:21:11.920 --> 00:21:12.240
Okay.

00:21:12.480 --> 00:21:13.519
That's fucking a while.

00:21:14.559 --> 00:21:18.319
But um this experience left a really deep and obvious mark on him.

00:21:18.480 --> 00:21:25.039
He became extremely wary of overmighty nobles and determined never again to be controlled by them.

00:21:25.359 --> 00:21:38.160
Well, and and again, that's the problem with his age, because you have these older people who want to advance their position in life, and they're like, we can manipulate this kid because he's a fucking kid.

00:21:38.319 --> 00:21:38.640
Yeah.

00:21:38.799 --> 00:21:39.759
So let's do this.

00:21:40.000 --> 00:21:48.720
And obviously, clearly went to the extreme of kidnapping to try and make him like, hey, you're gonna, we're gonna teach you this.

00:21:48.799 --> 00:21:51.200
So hopefully down the road you do this.

00:21:51.839 --> 00:21:53.440
And that's fucked up.

00:21:53.839 --> 00:21:58.960
So the environment that he was in shaped his personality in two different ways.

00:22:00.160 --> 00:22:05.519
He had a strong belief in centralized royal authority.

00:22:05.759 --> 00:22:06.079
Okay.

00:22:06.480 --> 00:22:13.519
Being pushed around by regents and nobles convinced him that the monarchy should not be at the mercy of factional politics.

00:22:13.839 --> 00:22:21.200
Well, I mean, in that time frame, no, because the monarchy is supposed to be the final say, if you will.

00:22:21.599 --> 00:22:37.359
And then he also wrote The True Law of Free Monarchies, the essays arguing that the king derived their power from God, not from the mobility, and outline how kings can protect themselves from assassination attempts.

00:22:37.599 --> 00:22:39.599
Which is bullshit, but yeah.

00:22:39.839 --> 00:22:54.640
No, I mean, I remember even in the show, again, just a show, not historical documents, the tutor show, the um well, the tutors, I guess it's called, saying, I remember uh what's his name?

00:22:54.799 --> 00:22:57.200
Jonathan Rees Myers, right?

00:22:57.440 --> 00:22:57.759
Is that right?

00:22:58.079 --> 00:22:59.359
Something I believe.

00:22:59.680 --> 00:23:03.759
I I really like him, but um sorry if I got his name wrong.

00:23:04.000 --> 00:23:08.880
But he's like, I was ordained by God because they believe that shit.

00:23:09.279 --> 00:23:11.599
Like, I am king because God said I'm king.

00:23:11.759 --> 00:23:12.960
It's like, did he though?

00:23:13.119 --> 00:23:13.519
Yeah.

00:23:14.160 --> 00:23:18.000
Or maybe it was because you're born into a certain family.

00:23:18.319 --> 00:23:25.680
So the other thing that shaped James's personality was his lifelong tendency towards anxiety and suspicion.

00:23:26.000 --> 00:23:36.240
When you're kidnapped as a teenager and raised by people who expect you to justify every decision, it's not surprising that you would grow up seeing potential threats everywhere.

00:23:36.480 --> 00:23:36.960
Yeah.

00:23:37.279 --> 00:23:40.400
So it's important to know that James was not incompetent.

00:23:40.480 --> 00:23:41.920
He was not a sheltered child.

00:23:42.480 --> 00:23:48.160
He was very sharp and he was a confident debater and a well-read scholar.

00:23:48.400 --> 00:24:00.240
But even as a teen, all of these things were happening around him that he couldn't control and he was being used and so he was a master debater?

00:24:01.200 --> 00:24:01.839
Master?

00:24:02.160 --> 00:24:05.519
No, he was a confident debater.

00:24:05.920 --> 00:24:06.400
My bad.

00:24:06.559 --> 00:24:07.200
Yeah.

00:24:07.519 --> 00:24:23.119
So um, between his disrupted family life, the academic strictness, the loss of his his mother, yeah, political captivity, this pretty much created the foundation um of everything he became as a ruler.

00:24:23.440 --> 00:24:23.759
Okay.

00:24:24.480 --> 00:24:24.799
Okay.

00:24:25.359 --> 00:24:25.680
Okay.

00:24:25.920 --> 00:24:26.640
Let's do this.

00:24:27.279 --> 00:24:28.000
Question number two.

00:24:28.240 --> 00:24:28.640
Oh shit.

00:24:29.039 --> 00:24:30.160
Or I guess maybe this is three.

00:24:30.319 --> 00:24:38.000
It's technically three, I think, but James kept a trained raven at court that he claimed could detect witchcraft.

00:24:38.160 --> 00:24:39.279
Oh, Jesus.

00:24:39.680 --> 00:24:47.680
Or B, James believed witches raised storms specifically to sabotage his voyage home from Denmark.

00:24:48.000 --> 00:24:48.240
B.

00:24:48.720 --> 00:24:48.960
B.

00:24:50.240 --> 00:24:52.480
Unfortunately, there's no raven.

00:24:52.880 --> 00:24:53.359
Sad.

00:24:53.759 --> 00:24:55.359
That would be kind of cool, actually.

00:24:55.599 --> 00:25:00.960
By the late 1580s, James the Sixth was in his early 20s and ready to marry.

00:25:01.200 --> 00:25:01.519
Oh.

00:25:01.920 --> 00:25:04.640
His chosen bride was Anne of Denmark.

00:25:04.799 --> 00:25:04.960
Okay.

00:25:05.359 --> 00:25:06.960
Sister to the Danish king.

00:25:07.200 --> 00:25:07.519
Okay.

00:25:07.920 --> 00:25:11.599
Denmark was a very strong Protestant ally.

00:25:11.759 --> 00:25:12.000
Yeah.

00:25:12.240 --> 00:25:14.799
So the match was politically sound.

00:25:14.880 --> 00:25:15.200
Yeah.

00:25:15.599 --> 00:25:27.039
Um, but the journey involved getting Anne home to Scotland, and that sparked one of the most notorious witch hunting episodes in James' life.

00:25:27.359 --> 00:25:27.680
Okay.

00:25:28.480 --> 00:25:37.519
So Anne attempted to sail to Scotland in late 1589, but her fleet was repeatedly battered by violent storms.

00:25:38.720 --> 00:25:39.599
Witches, am I right?

00:25:39.839 --> 00:25:41.839
After multiple attempts, she turned back.

00:25:41.920 --> 00:25:46.559
This time to Norway, which was Denmark territory at the time.

00:25:47.359 --> 00:25:51.440
It's like, yeah, it's like Denmark is here and Norway's like right here.

00:25:51.839 --> 00:25:52.960
Channel, all that.

00:25:53.200 --> 00:25:54.240
And there's a channel.

00:25:54.400 --> 00:25:54.880
Yeah.

00:25:55.119 --> 00:25:56.160
How's that called?

00:25:57.200 --> 00:25:57.680
Channel.

00:25:58.480 --> 00:26:04.160
Um, so James was like, all right, I'll go get her, which no king has really ever done.

00:26:04.319 --> 00:26:04.640
No.

00:26:04.960 --> 00:26:13.359
So his own voyage, yeah, also pummeled by severe weather, forced detours and delays.

00:26:13.519 --> 00:26:17.200
And when he finally reached Norway, everyone was asking kind of the same question.

00:26:17.359 --> 00:26:19.359
What the hell's up with these storms, man?

00:26:19.519 --> 00:26:20.079
Am I right?

00:26:20.720 --> 00:26:22.160
Storms, am I right?

00:26:22.480 --> 00:26:34.880
Um, so together him and Anne um toured Norway together, and then they um um sailed to Denmark and they they toured Denmark together.

00:26:35.119 --> 00:26:44.240
And in Denmark at this time, witchcraft was widely accepted as a tool used by enemies or personal rivals.

00:26:44.559 --> 00:26:51.039
Danish authorities had already started investigating the storm as deliberate malice and not bad luck.

00:26:51.359 --> 00:26:51.759
Really?

00:26:51.920 --> 00:26:52.400
Mm-hmm.

00:26:52.720 --> 00:26:56.160
They pointed to suspected witches at the Danish court.

00:26:56.319 --> 00:27:00.880
And when James heard these explanations, he didn't exactly dismiss them.

00:27:01.119 --> 00:27:03.759
No, because he embraced them.

00:27:04.079 --> 00:27:05.920
So, can I interject something real quick?

00:27:06.720 --> 00:27:10.079
I saw a video in the last week.

00:27:11.680 --> 00:27:16.960
There was actually a witch thing in Wisconsin we needed to look into.

00:27:17.200 --> 00:27:17.519
Okay.

00:27:17.839 --> 00:27:20.640
I don't remember the details, but let's look into it.

00:27:21.200 --> 00:27:21.759
Okay, cool.

00:27:22.400 --> 00:27:27.839
So his upbringing had left him wary and suspicious, and sure, sure, sure.

00:27:28.160 --> 00:27:40.720
He was pretty attuned to the idea of hidden threats and the notion that these witches could use dark forces to sabotage royal affairs kind of fit into his worldview already.

00:27:40.960 --> 00:27:41.839
Yeah, of course.

00:27:42.079 --> 00:27:55.119
So when James returned to Scotland with Anne in 1590, he found Scottish ministers and magistrates equally ready to interpret the storms as supernatural.

00:27:55.440 --> 00:27:57.279
See, okay.

00:27:57.519 --> 00:28:01.440
I get I get the time frame we're talking about, but for the love of God.

00:28:01.839 --> 00:28:06.400
That winter, a local servant girl named named Gilly Duncan.

00:28:06.640 --> 00:28:07.680
Gilly Duncan.

00:28:07.839 --> 00:28:13.119
And I want to say Gilly might be in the Outlander series.

00:28:13.200 --> 00:28:17.920
I don't know if it's Gilly Duncan who was if it was, but I know there is a Gilly.

00:28:18.240 --> 00:28:19.599
It's been a minute since I read those books.

00:28:19.839 --> 00:28:22.079
And she was she was a witch in the books.

00:28:22.319 --> 00:28:29.119
So this was a servant girl named Gilly Duncan, and she was arrested on unrelated suspicions.

00:28:29.359 --> 00:28:31.680
She was a healer, and that was sus.

00:28:32.960 --> 00:28:34.079
Please don't say that.

00:28:34.319 --> 00:28:35.359
Suspicious.

00:28:35.680 --> 00:28:36.319
Thank you.

00:28:36.880 --> 00:28:41.039
But she confessed under torture.

00:28:41.440 --> 00:28:42.720
Weird how that works.

00:28:42.880 --> 00:28:46.240
We've literally talked about that on this podcast before.

00:28:46.480 --> 00:28:51.039
That fucking people will say anything to get out of torture.

00:28:51.279 --> 00:28:52.160
Yeah, you know why?

00:28:52.319 --> 00:28:53.920
Because it fucking hurts.

00:28:54.799 --> 00:28:58.400
It's not like they like, hey, we're gonna serve you a prime rib.

00:28:58.799 --> 00:28:59.519
Tell us.

00:29:00.880 --> 00:29:01.680
I'm good.

00:29:01.920 --> 00:29:06.960
So she convinced under torture to joining a coven that supposedly plotted against the king.

00:29:07.119 --> 00:29:07.839
Oh, for fucks.

00:29:08.240 --> 00:29:15.119
Her story ballooned into a full-scale panic with accusations spreading to nobles and clerics and community members.

00:29:15.759 --> 00:29:23.920
And this became the center of what was known as the North Berwick Witch Trials, one of the major witch hunts in Scotland.

00:29:24.240 --> 00:29:24.720
Sure.

00:29:24.960 --> 00:29:27.680
And James did not sit on this side.

00:29:28.000 --> 00:29:35.200
He personally questioned accused witches, supervised interrogations, and pressed for confessions.

00:29:35.359 --> 00:29:36.880
I have to cough now.

00:29:38.240 --> 00:29:39.039
There I go.

00:29:39.200 --> 00:29:40.480
So what what was her name?

00:29:40.640 --> 00:29:42.240
Gilly Gilly Duncan.

00:29:42.480 --> 00:29:43.599
What happened to her?

00:29:44.319 --> 00:29:46.640
I didn't look it up because my story is about James.

00:29:46.880 --> 00:29:49.680
Are you my story is about James.

00:29:51.680 --> 00:29:53.440
I have to cough now.

00:29:55.359 --> 00:29:58.799
You didn't look no, because my story is about James.

00:29:59.200 --> 00:30:04.880
I understand your story is about Jimmy.

00:30:05.519 --> 00:30:06.319
Jimmy.

00:30:06.720 --> 00:30:07.039
Okay.

00:30:08.000 --> 00:30:11.359
How knowing me like you do?

00:30:11.599 --> 00:30:14.720
We've been doing this for a year and three months.

00:30:15.039 --> 00:30:17.920
Did you not look up how Gilly died?

00:30:18.480 --> 00:30:19.680
Do you want me to look it up?

00:30:19.920 --> 00:30:21.200
I kind of do now.

00:30:21.759 --> 00:30:25.200
Well, I enjoy this delicious gin and tonic.

00:30:25.359 --> 00:30:27.039
I'm feeling supersonic.

00:30:27.279 --> 00:30:28.400
You could have it all.

00:30:29.119 --> 00:30:30.960
But how much do you want it?

00:30:32.720 --> 00:30:41.599
So Gilly Duncan was executed by strangulation and then burned because apparently she wasn't dead enough.

00:30:42.000 --> 00:30:44.559
Isn't it wild how they did that shit?

00:30:44.640 --> 00:30:59.440
Like the whole being drawn and quartered, where they like, hey, we killed you, but now we're gonna pull you apart by horses and such and drag your body parts across the streets of the town or whatever.

00:30:59.599 --> 00:31:00.640
It's like what the fuck?

00:31:00.799 --> 00:31:03.839
So apparently she she was strangled to death.

00:31:04.079 --> 00:31:06.240
So she was already dead, and then they burnt her corpse.

00:31:06.480 --> 00:31:10.000
Well no, she was strangled to death enough.

00:31:10.319 --> 00:31:11.200
Whatever, whatever.

00:31:11.359 --> 00:31:11.599
Okay.

00:31:11.759 --> 00:31:13.279
That's fucking wild.

00:31:13.680 --> 00:31:17.839
So I'm hesitant to tell you about this next person.

00:31:18.000 --> 00:31:19.039
Oh, why?

00:31:19.599 --> 00:31:21.519
Because I'm gonna ask questions.

00:31:22.240 --> 00:31:27.759
There was another accused individual, a noblewoman named Agnes Samson.

00:31:28.000 --> 00:31:29.759
Um, Agnes.

00:31:30.000 --> 00:31:30.960
You know Agnes?

00:31:31.119 --> 00:31:32.480
I fucking don't.

00:31:34.480 --> 00:31:44.799
So they were um Agnes as well as others were executed after being accused of participating in rituals intended to harm the king.

00:31:45.119 --> 00:31:56.000
Samson, in particular, made an impression on James when she repeated details of his private wedding night that she couldn't possibly have known.

00:31:56.240 --> 00:31:56.559
Okay.

00:31:57.039 --> 00:32:01.519
He reported that as proof of her supernatural knowledge.

00:32:01.680 --> 00:32:04.960
But there is a thing called gossip in like the servants' quarters.

00:32:05.759 --> 00:32:08.079
Okay, and that's what I was gonna go to.

00:32:08.559 --> 00:32:12.640
Yes, it was a private ceremony, whatever you want to call it.

00:32:13.680 --> 00:32:16.000
But there's more than two people there.

00:32:17.279 --> 00:32:19.440
One could be like hey, guess what?

00:32:20.400 --> 00:32:21.440
Guess what, guess what?

00:32:22.079 --> 00:32:22.799
Guess what?

00:32:23.200 --> 00:32:24.079
Guess what I saw.

00:32:24.319 --> 00:32:29.599
But of course, James took this confession at face value, so she was executed.

00:32:30.079 --> 00:32:30.480
How?

00:32:31.599 --> 00:32:32.319
Bradley.

00:32:32.640 --> 00:32:33.359
Come on.

00:32:33.920 --> 00:32:35.680
She was strangled and then burned.

00:32:37.200 --> 00:32:38.559
That's all I had to say.

00:32:39.599 --> 00:32:49.039
His experience in Denmark combined with the North Berwick trials convinced James that witchcraft was real, organized, and very dangerous.

00:32:49.359 --> 00:32:53.119
This led him to publish Demonology.

00:32:53.440 --> 00:32:54.319
I've heard of that.

00:32:54.559 --> 00:32:55.680
In 1597.

00:32:55.920 --> 00:32:57.119
Yes, I've heard of that, yes.

00:32:57.359 --> 00:33:04.480
It is a book instructing readers on the nature of witchcraft, the dangers it posed, and the proper methods for prosecuting witches.

00:33:04.880 --> 00:33:06.000
Demonology, yep, yep, yep.

00:33:06.160 --> 00:33:17.680
And unlike some mar monarchs who dismissed witchcraft accusations as super sp superstition, James believed the threat was theological, political, and personal.

00:33:18.240 --> 00:33:24.400
I would love to get my hands on an original demonology.

00:33:24.640 --> 00:33:25.039
Oh wow.

00:33:25.200 --> 00:33:26.880
Do you know how much that would fucking cost, EZ?

00:33:27.359 --> 00:33:33.039
Probably more than Pride of Prejudice, which I would want as first edition, because it it comes in three three volumes.

00:33:33.359 --> 00:33:33.839
Does it really?

00:33:34.000 --> 00:33:34.160
Yeah.

00:33:34.319 --> 00:33:36.799
The original Pride and Prejudice comes in three volumes.

00:33:37.039 --> 00:33:37.759
I did not know that.

00:33:38.000 --> 00:33:38.319
Really?

00:33:38.559 --> 00:33:38.880
Okay.

00:33:39.119 --> 00:33:40.240
I why?

00:33:41.519 --> 00:33:41.920
Uh-huh.

00:33:42.720 --> 00:33:44.400
That wasn't part of my research.

00:33:45.119 --> 00:33:48.880
So, which trails were happening across the What the fuck, Kate?

00:33:49.359 --> 00:33:55.359
Witchcraft was happening in um Europe, Germany, Denmark, Scotland.

00:33:55.680 --> 00:33:58.000
And this is like what 70?

00:33:58.960 --> 00:34:01.359
Almost a century before Salem.

00:34:01.599 --> 00:34:02.480
Salem and all that, yeah.

00:34:02.559 --> 00:34:03.119
Yeah, yeah, yeah.

00:34:03.359 --> 00:34:03.599
Yeah.

00:34:03.839 --> 00:34:05.039
Wow, that's crazy.

00:34:05.359 --> 00:34:12.079
But um, James's intellectual endorsement and his status give Scotland's witch hump the unusual momentum.

00:34:12.400 --> 00:34:13.679
You call him witch hump?

00:34:14.000 --> 00:34:14.480
Hunt.

00:34:14.800 --> 00:34:16.320
It sounded like witch hump.

00:34:18.480 --> 00:34:21.840
Hundreds of prosecutions during this time.

00:34:22.159 --> 00:34:23.360
Yes, yes, yes.

00:34:23.840 --> 00:34:26.400
His views did shift over time.

00:34:26.639 --> 00:34:26.960
Okay.

00:34:28.320 --> 00:34:28.960
Why?

00:34:29.760 --> 00:34:37.039
By the time James became king of England in 1603 because Elizabeth I died and she had no heir.

00:34:37.199 --> 00:34:44.320
No, he encountered a legal culture that was far more skeptical of witchcraft craft claims.

00:34:44.559 --> 00:34:44.880
Yeah.

00:34:45.119 --> 00:34:49.599
So English judges demanded stricter evidence and discouraged torture.

00:34:49.840 --> 00:34:52.239
So he started to like fall in line with that.

00:34:52.400 --> 00:34:52.960
He's like, no.

00:34:53.280 --> 00:34:56.719
I mean, yeah, thank God for some fucking rationale there.

00:34:56.880 --> 00:34:57.440
Yeah, exactly.

00:34:58.320 --> 00:35:02.880
Um you can't just torture because you think.

00:35:03.039 --> 00:35:03.360
Yeah.

00:35:03.599 --> 00:35:10.800
We need a little more evidence as to why, a, you think they're a witch, and B, that they actually did something.

00:35:11.039 --> 00:35:15.280
Not just fucking speculation or hearsay, which is is and it's funny.

00:35:15.360 --> 00:35:17.280
So this is in 1597.

00:35:17.920 --> 00:35:22.079
Like, you know, what is it 70 to 80 years later?

00:35:22.239 --> 00:35:24.639
Salem was like, she's a witch, burner!

00:35:25.039 --> 00:35:28.239
What was what I think was that 1694-ish?

00:35:28.800 --> 00:35:30.079
Was it later 1600s?

00:35:30.239 --> 00:35:30.719
Yeah, okay.

00:35:30.880 --> 00:35:32.559
Yeah, it was almost a century later.

00:35:32.960 --> 00:35:37.119
For some reason, I was thinking like 1660s, 1670, but yeah, I think you're right.

00:35:37.360 --> 00:35:46.239
Either way, it's funny how like these certain people around James is like, we we need a little more information, yeah.

00:35:46.480 --> 00:35:48.960
And then a century later, burn them.

00:35:49.360 --> 00:35:54.079
We don't need all the information, just you you oh my god, you called her a witch.

00:35:54.159 --> 00:35:55.519
She's clearly a witch.

00:35:55.760 --> 00:35:57.199
You must burn thy witch.

00:35:57.519 --> 00:35:59.199
She turned me into a newt.

00:35:59.360 --> 00:35:59.840
Oh, yeah.

00:36:00.000 --> 00:36:00.800
I got beta.

00:36:01.199 --> 00:36:02.480
I got better.

00:36:03.039 --> 00:36:04.000
I'm not dead yet.

00:36:04.239 --> 00:36:10.159
I feel like James would be the type of person to Google his symptoms and then just everything is wrong with him.

00:36:10.320 --> 00:36:12.719
But I also have Googled symptoms before.

00:36:12.960 --> 00:36:13.360
Why?

00:36:13.599 --> 00:36:15.119
But I also take it with a grain of salt.

00:36:15.280 --> 00:36:18.320
But you're not a well, is that because Nathan loves salt?

00:36:18.639 --> 00:36:19.920
He does love salt.

00:36:20.639 --> 00:36:23.599
But no, I don't want to be the butt of a joke.

00:36:23.840 --> 00:36:27.199
As in, I'm the one who Googles symptoms and now I'm dying.

00:36:27.440 --> 00:36:30.000
It's funny, you're not the butt of the joke, you're the face of the joke.

00:36:31.039 --> 00:36:31.199
Okay.

00:36:31.599 --> 00:36:33.119
Oh, that was amazing.

00:36:33.360 --> 00:36:35.280
Okay, next question.

00:36:35.920 --> 00:36:36.239
A.

00:36:37.119 --> 00:36:38.320
I swallowed that wrong.

00:36:38.559 --> 00:36:38.880
Uh-oh.

00:36:43.519 --> 00:36:45.679
Away from the mic, if you please.

00:36:48.880 --> 00:36:49.440
Cheers.

00:36:51.920 --> 00:36:53.199
All right, sorry.

00:36:53.519 --> 00:36:54.639
Holy fuck.

00:36:54.960 --> 00:37:07.760
A James I personally reviewed the interrogations from the gunpowder plot and followed the investigation as if it was a royal true crime case.

00:37:08.480 --> 00:37:16.639
Or B, James I was so terrified of assassination that he refused to travel anywhere more than three miles from London.

00:37:16.960 --> 00:37:17.280
B.

00:37:17.840 --> 00:37:18.159
A.

00:37:18.639 --> 00:37:19.840
Fuck off, really?

00:37:20.079 --> 00:37:20.719
Yes.

00:37:21.039 --> 00:37:25.280
He actually reviewed the Remember, remember the 5th of November?

00:37:25.599 --> 00:37:29.199
He was the target of the gunpowder plot.

00:37:29.440 --> 00:37:31.440
Oh, so when he was in Parliament?

00:37:31.679 --> 00:37:32.079
Yes.

00:37:32.320 --> 00:37:32.639
Really?

00:37:33.280 --> 00:37:33.519
Yeah!

00:37:33.840 --> 00:37:35.920
We're just bringing them full circle here.

00:37:36.159 --> 00:37:36.960
Oh my god.

00:37:37.280 --> 00:37:39.280
Listen to our second episode.

00:37:40.320 --> 00:37:43.360
Because Juno about the Juno was the first.

00:37:44.079 --> 00:37:44.320
Yeah.

00:37:44.639 --> 00:37:45.039
Really?

00:37:45.199 --> 00:37:45.519
Yeah.

00:37:45.760 --> 00:37:46.559
I did not know that.

00:37:46.719 --> 00:37:47.039
Okay.

00:37:47.519 --> 00:37:47.840
So.

00:37:48.320 --> 00:37:50.159
And if you mentioned that episode.

00:37:51.599 --> 00:37:52.320
Sorry.

00:37:53.280 --> 00:37:53.840
What?

00:37:54.719 --> 00:37:55.440
Stop talking about that.

00:37:55.679 --> 00:38:06.239
The gunpowder plot of 1605 was a group of Catholics attempting to blow up the king, the parliament, and much of the um English political elite.

00:38:06.480 --> 00:38:06.960
Yep.

00:38:07.199 --> 00:38:16.000
The plot was discovered before it could be carried out, but the experience vindicated James's long-held belief that conspiracies were always possible.

00:38:16.320 --> 00:38:17.119
Well, I mean.

00:38:18.159 --> 00:38:23.679
So he took a personal interest in the aftermath regarding interrogations, tracking the details.

00:38:23.840 --> 00:38:24.000
Yep.

00:38:24.159 --> 00:38:28.480
And James's vigilance extended to interpersonal relationships as well.

00:38:28.719 --> 00:38:35.599
He struggled to trust many nobles and was very wary of those who displayed ambition or independent power.

00:38:35.840 --> 00:38:36.960
Can you blame the dude?

00:38:37.199 --> 00:38:37.679
Not at all.

00:38:37.840 --> 00:38:38.239
Not at all.

00:38:43.039 --> 00:38:56.480
Well, for 10 months, fucking months, but like a lot of these people, like, hey man, we can extend our station within this monarchy and get get fucking rich so we can live lavish lives.

00:38:56.639 --> 00:38:58.480
So yeah, I don't fucking blame him.

00:38:58.639 --> 00:38:58.880
Yeah.

00:38:59.199 --> 00:39:00.000
Kidding me.

00:39:00.400 --> 00:39:04.719
So he relied heavily on his close favorites.

00:39:04.960 --> 00:39:05.199
Okay.

00:39:05.360 --> 00:39:07.360
And those favorites were his favorites.

00:39:07.519 --> 00:39:11.599
Like he had a small, small inner circle.

00:39:11.840 --> 00:39:13.679
Of favorites.

00:39:14.000 --> 00:39:22.159
So he had a guy named Robert Carr, um, George Villers, and and um George Villers was the Duke of Buckingham.

00:39:22.400 --> 00:39:24.239
Oh, good old Buckingham, yeah.

00:39:24.880 --> 00:39:30.239
There is rumor that suggests they were more than friends.

00:39:30.480 --> 00:39:30.960
Friends.

00:39:31.199 --> 00:39:32.000
They were lovers.

00:39:32.320 --> 00:39:32.719
Yes.

00:39:32.880 --> 00:39:36.880
Um, that has been speculated throughout time that he was bisexual.

00:39:37.199 --> 00:39:38.000
I never knew that.

00:39:38.079 --> 00:39:38.239
Okay.

00:39:38.480 --> 00:39:38.800
Yeah.

00:39:39.360 --> 00:39:46.400
Um, but he wanted these people close to him because he felt that they were less likely to turn on him.

00:39:47.760 --> 00:39:55.760
He's very, he's very do you think it's funny that they're less likely to turn on him, but they're more likely to turn him on?

00:39:56.719 --> 00:39:57.360
Wow.

00:40:01.280 --> 00:40:02.239
Am I wrong?

00:40:02.480 --> 00:40:02.880
Wow.

00:40:03.199 --> 00:40:04.719
With what you just said?

00:40:05.599 --> 00:40:06.400
So court.

00:40:06.719 --> 00:40:08.800
Wow, you're I'm gonna pass right over that.

00:40:09.840 --> 00:40:19.679
Court critics often mocks mocked his reliance on his favorite, but to James, the alternative was exposing himself to factions that could manipulate or threaten him.

00:40:19.920 --> 00:40:20.320
Right.

00:40:20.639 --> 00:40:24.719
So despite these fears, though, James was not a recluse.

00:40:24.800 --> 00:40:28.559
He participated in hunting, public events, diplomatic meetings.

00:40:28.719 --> 00:40:29.760
He was just scared.

00:40:30.000 --> 00:40:32.239
Is it ri He was still brave, but he was scared.

00:40:32.480 --> 00:40:34.639
Is it recluse or recluse?

00:40:34.880 --> 00:40:35.840
I've heard both.

00:40:36.000 --> 00:40:37.039
I've heard both too.

00:40:37.679 --> 00:40:42.000
He organized his daily life with rules intended to minimize risk.

00:40:42.159 --> 00:40:42.480
Right.

00:40:42.639 --> 00:40:45.039
He disliked surprise entrances.

00:40:45.199 --> 00:40:45.519
Okay.

00:40:45.760 --> 00:40:48.639
He preferred predictable routines.

00:40:49.039 --> 00:40:50.719
I mean, I'm with him there.

00:40:50.880 --> 00:40:52.719
I have a fucking routine every day.

00:40:53.039 --> 00:40:54.000
So yeah, I get it.

00:40:54.239 --> 00:41:01.840
When traveling, he sometimes altered plans at the last moment or refused to use certain routes if they f if he felt that they posed a danger.

00:41:02.159 --> 00:41:05.599
So to kind of keep keep the the bitches guessing, if you will.

00:41:05.840 --> 00:41:11.440
So and then of course all of this attributed to James's image as a nervous or jumpy monarch.

00:41:11.760 --> 00:41:12.400
Right, right, right.

00:41:12.719 --> 00:41:19.039
But he he was, but on the outside, he's like, Yeah, everything's fine.

00:41:19.440 --> 00:41:21.119
He was cool as a cucumber.

00:41:21.360 --> 00:41:21.760
Yeah.

00:41:21.920 --> 00:41:22.079
Yeah.

00:41:22.320 --> 00:41:25.280
He he lived in a world where kings were vulnerable.

00:41:25.840 --> 00:41:27.360
He was personally threatened.

00:41:27.440 --> 00:41:27.920
Yeah.

00:41:28.079 --> 00:41:35.440
Um, his mother was was punished and upheld in Towers of London somewhere.

00:41:36.000 --> 00:41:40.320
So his security concerns were not a product of fantasy.

00:41:40.639 --> 00:41:46.000
No, I mean he he clearly had that on the forefront of his mind.

00:41:46.159 --> 00:41:46.480
Yes.

00:41:46.800 --> 00:41:49.599
Because this isn't the first time it's even been brought up.

00:41:49.760 --> 00:41:54.239
He's very like, I gotta protect my shit, yeah, kind of kind of guy.

00:41:54.320 --> 00:41:55.119
So I get it.

00:41:55.199 --> 00:41:55.360
Okay.

00:41:55.760 --> 00:41:56.239
Next question.

00:41:56.400 --> 00:41:56.639
Yeah.

00:41:56.960 --> 00:42:12.239
A James authorized the King James Bible because he he was tired of listening to religious groups argue about translations, or B, James personally translated the book of Revelation over a single weekend.

00:42:12.559 --> 00:42:12.880
A.

00:42:13.360 --> 00:42:13.679
A.

00:42:14.320 --> 00:42:16.880
James did not translate a single thing.

00:42:17.199 --> 00:42:18.079
No, no.

00:42:18.400 --> 00:42:20.639
That's why it's the King James Bible.

00:42:21.360 --> 00:42:24.159
That's that's literally known very well.

00:42:24.559 --> 00:42:26.480
It is, but he didn't do anything.

00:42:26.639 --> 00:42:28.079
No, but it's it was named after him.

00:42:28.320 --> 00:42:29.280
It was named after him.

00:42:29.519 --> 00:42:30.480
Are you kidding me?

00:42:30.639 --> 00:42:35.519
A king didn't actually fucking put his hands on something but put his name on it?

00:42:35.760 --> 00:42:36.239
Weird.

00:42:36.559 --> 00:42:44.480
So by the time James reached the English throne in 1603, he inherited not just a crown, but the deeply divided religious landscape.

00:42:45.039 --> 00:42:49.199
England had spent decades swinging between Catholic and Protestant monarchs.

00:42:49.440 --> 00:42:54.159
Well, it didn't help that you know Bloody Mary and then back to Elizabeth I and all that good stuff.

00:42:54.239 --> 00:43:00.559
So and while the country was officially Protestant at the time that James arrived, many divisions still remained.

00:43:00.880 --> 00:43:03.920
Well, you you can't kill Catholicism.

00:43:04.079 --> 00:43:18.880
I mean, you have people that practice it for families that practice it for centuries, if you will, and it's not be like, oh, hey, uh by the way, uh King so and so said we're we're not this anymore, so blah blah blah.

00:43:18.960 --> 00:43:24.480
Yeah, they're gonna still teach it within within their family, but hey, keep it on the down low, right?

00:43:24.639 --> 00:43:25.360
Kind of bullshit.

00:43:25.440 --> 00:43:27.039
So yeah, I mean, fucking hell.

00:43:27.360 --> 00:43:31.199
So amongst the loudest and the most persistent were the were the Puritans.

00:43:31.280 --> 00:43:37.199
It was a group of reform-minded Protestants who felt the Church of England still looked far too Catholic.

00:43:37.440 --> 00:43:37.679
Okay.

00:43:37.840 --> 00:43:48.400
So shortly after his coronation, a group of these Puritans presented James with the Millenary Petition, a long list of reforms that he hoped he would enforce.

00:43:48.639 --> 00:43:56.559
So many requested changes that were about church governance and ceremony, clerical dress, the role of bishops.

00:43:56.800 --> 00:44:03.679
But tucked amongst the grievances was a request for a new, more accurate Bible translation.

00:44:04.480 --> 00:44:09.119
So And this is what becomes the King James Bible.

00:44:09.519 --> 00:44:09.760
Okay.

00:44:10.079 --> 00:44:22.639
So this request led to the Hampton Court Conference in 1604, where James met with bishops and Puritan representatives to discuss the future of the English church.

00:44:22.960 --> 00:44:23.679
That's wild.

00:44:24.000 --> 00:44:27.440
Both sides wanted change and not the same changes.

00:44:27.679 --> 00:44:28.000
Right.

00:44:28.239 --> 00:44:33.119
The Puritans pushed for greater reform, and the bishops resisted.

00:44:33.360 --> 00:44:43.920
So in the midst of this meeting, someone suggested creating a new English Bible, one that would replace earlier transitions, like the Bishop's Bible, the Geneva Bible.

00:44:44.400 --> 00:44:45.440
Translations.

00:44:46.639 --> 00:44:53.119
The Geneva Bible and the Great Bible, all of which had their own theological biases or translation quirks.

00:44:53.360 --> 00:44:54.559
Because you said transitions.

00:44:54.800 --> 00:44:55.280
Sure.

00:44:55.599 --> 00:44:56.480
Translations.

00:44:58.400 --> 00:45:05.199
The Geneva Bible contained marginal notes that leaned heavily towards Calvinist interpretation.

00:45:05.440 --> 00:45:05.760
Okay.

00:45:06.320 --> 00:45:10.800
Some notes openly criticize monarchy, which James disliked.

00:45:11.119 --> 00:45:11.840
Obviously.

00:45:12.159 --> 00:45:16.079
So a new translation, he realized, could achieve multiple goals.

00:45:16.239 --> 00:45:21.039
It could unify the clergy by give everyone one authoritative text.

00:45:21.280 --> 00:45:21.519
Okay.

00:45:21.760 --> 00:45:25.840
It could remove inflammatory notes that questioned royal authority.

00:45:26.079 --> 00:45:26.639
Gotcha.

00:45:26.880 --> 00:45:38.480
And it could promote religious stability, one of James's primar primary political goals, and it could quiet constant arguments about which translation was best.

00:45:38.719 --> 00:45:41.679
Isn't that crazy how much like they looked into this?

00:45:41.760 --> 00:45:44.239
Like, hey, we gotta figure this shit out.

00:45:44.480 --> 00:45:45.280
God damn.

00:45:45.760 --> 00:45:51.840
So James approved the project, not because he wanted to study scripture more, but because he wanted to reduce conflict.

00:45:52.079 --> 00:45:52.480
Sure.

00:45:52.719 --> 00:46:01.119
So he appointed a team of 47 scholars divided into six committees working in Oxford, Cambridge, and Westminster.

00:46:01.280 --> 00:46:01.599
Okay.

00:46:02.079 --> 00:46:05.679
And each group was assigned specific books of the Bible.

00:46:05.920 --> 00:46:10.079
The translators were not radicals, not innovators.

00:46:10.239 --> 00:46:16.880
They were highly educated, deeply conservative scholars trained in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin.

00:46:17.039 --> 00:46:28.320
Their goal wasn't to create a brand new style of English, but to refine existing translations and produce something defined or dignified, clear, and authoritative.

00:46:29.199 --> 00:46:30.400
Authoritative.

00:46:52.000 --> 00:46:52.480
Oh dear.

00:46:53.119 --> 00:47:00.400
Traditional terms like church and bishop would remain and not be replaced with more Puritan-friendly words like congregation.

00:47:01.280 --> 00:47:10.400
Translators were encouraged to consult earlier versions, including the Geneva Bibles, to present a unified final product.

00:47:10.559 --> 00:47:10.880
Okay.

00:47:11.599 --> 00:47:15.679
The process of this new Bible took seven years.

00:47:16.000 --> 00:47:16.960
Jesus Christ.

00:47:17.280 --> 00:47:18.800
I mean, sorry.

00:47:19.840 --> 00:47:25.840
I get the time frame we're talking about, but could you be like, hey, we're gonna do this on it, sir.

00:47:26.400 --> 00:47:26.960
Seven years.

00:47:27.519 --> 00:47:28.159
You finished it?

00:47:28.239 --> 00:47:28.639
Yeah.

00:47:28.880 --> 00:47:29.760
Fucking hell.

00:47:29.840 --> 00:47:34.000
I mean, again, I get this is where what we're at the early 1600s right now.

00:47:34.800 --> 00:47:35.360
1604.

00:47:35.599 --> 00:47:35.840
Yeah.

00:47:35.920 --> 00:47:38.000
And it's like well, plus seven years.

00:47:38.880 --> 00:47:41.920
But it's like, holy fuck, seven fucking years.

00:47:42.079 --> 00:47:42.400
Yeah.

00:47:42.559 --> 00:47:43.519
That's wild.

00:47:43.760 --> 00:47:51.119
So their scholars compared manuscripts, debated phrasing, and polished drafts, and their goal was readability and rhythm.

00:47:51.199 --> 00:47:51.519
Yeah.

00:47:51.679 --> 00:47:55.280
Something suitable for both private devotion and public worship.

00:47:55.840 --> 00:48:04.400
And this is why the King's J King James Bible has a distinct, almost musical cadence to it, as it was meant to be spoken aloud.

00:48:04.719 --> 00:48:06.320
I mean, okay, that makes sense.

00:48:07.920 --> 00:48:17.360
So when the authorized version was published in 1611, it dot did not immediately erase older translation transition translations.

00:48:17.519 --> 00:48:18.639
Jesus Christ.

00:48:19.119 --> 00:48:21.280
I hate when they do that translations.

00:48:21.599 --> 00:48:27.280
The Geneva uh Bible remained popular, it's popular for decades among the Puritans.

00:48:27.599 --> 00:48:39.119
So what brought the popular popularity back on to the King James Version had royal backing and church support.

00:48:39.360 --> 00:48:39.760
Sure.

00:48:40.239 --> 00:48:42.559
And then that became the standard text.

00:48:42.800 --> 00:48:43.199
Alright.

00:48:43.679 --> 00:48:44.320
For worship.

00:48:44.800 --> 00:48:45.440
So weird.

00:48:45.599 --> 00:48:46.239
Yes.

00:48:47.039 --> 00:48:50.880
It's important to emphasize James did not translate any part of this.

00:48:51.039 --> 00:48:53.039
This is your uh PSA.

00:48:56.480 --> 00:48:56.800
Yep.

00:48:57.119 --> 00:48:57.920
Next question.

00:48:58.159 --> 00:48:59.199
Oh dear.

00:48:59.599 --> 00:48:59.920
A.

00:49:00.159 --> 00:49:07.360
James regularly greeted ambassadors with embraces that left them visually visibly uncomfortable.

00:49:07.679 --> 00:49:15.440
Or B, James once delivered a 45-minute speech about cats because he believed they symbolized divine wisdom.

00:49:15.760 --> 00:49:15.920
B.

00:49:16.880 --> 00:49:17.199
A.

00:49:18.480 --> 00:49:20.320
I was so open it was B.

00:49:20.719 --> 00:49:21.840
That's why I picked it.

00:49:21.920 --> 00:49:32.559
I didn't think it was, but I'm like, my official my official question was he once delivered a 45-minute speech on octopuses, and then I changed it to cats.

00:49:33.039 --> 00:49:33.599
To pie.

00:49:34.000 --> 00:49:34.559
Yeah.

00:49:35.679 --> 00:49:37.199
I was so hoping it was cats.

00:49:37.280 --> 00:49:39.679
I knew it wasn't, but I'm like, I gotta pick this.

00:49:39.920 --> 00:49:45.599
So in most portraits of King James the Sixth and First, same guy.

00:49:46.079 --> 00:49:50.079
He looks composed, he looks confident, he looks dignified, he's a king at ease.

00:49:50.320 --> 00:49:50.480
Okay.

00:49:50.880 --> 00:49:51.679
Great monarchy.

00:49:51.920 --> 00:49:52.719
Great job.

00:49:52.960 --> 00:50:01.599
Well, real court accounts, however, reveal a man whose social behavior often baffled, startled, or alarmed the people around him.

00:50:01.840 --> 00:50:02.719
That's fucking wild.

00:50:02.960 --> 00:50:08.159
He was intelligent and articulate, but he struggled with the subtleties of court etiquette.

00:50:08.320 --> 00:50:08.639
Okay.

00:50:08.880 --> 00:50:19.280
He was physically awkward, prone to rambling speeches, and had mannerisms that diplomats described as unusual or excessively familiar.

00:50:19.519 --> 00:50:19.840
Okay.

00:50:20.239 --> 00:50:31.519
One of the most frequently mentioned habits was James's tendency to greet important visitors with overly affectionate physical gestures, usually embraces.

00:50:31.679 --> 00:50:32.320
Yep.

00:50:32.800 --> 00:50:34.719
Not standard royal behavior.

00:50:34.960 --> 00:50:36.320
Not even close.

00:50:36.719 --> 00:50:37.440
Seriously.

00:50:37.599 --> 00:50:39.440
I mean, what the fuck?

00:50:39.920 --> 00:50:44.480
Ambassadors expected a bow, a handshake, or a polite nod.

00:50:44.800 --> 00:50:45.039
Right.

00:50:45.199 --> 00:50:45.519
Nod.

00:50:48.079 --> 00:50:48.559
Nod.

00:50:50.800 --> 00:50:52.800
Are you not gonna laud to me?

00:50:54.159 --> 00:50:55.360
That's fucking great.

00:50:55.519 --> 00:50:55.760
Okay.

00:50:56.239 --> 00:50:57.599
Nod, yes, nod, nod, nod, nod.

00:50:57.920 --> 00:50:59.440
Nod, nod, na, nod, na, nod.

00:50:59.840 --> 00:51:06.159
So some compared his greetings to the enthusiasm of a long-lost uncle rather than a restrained monarch.

00:51:06.400 --> 00:51:08.079
Oliver's like, can I get out?

00:51:08.320 --> 00:51:09.280
Oh, hey.

00:51:11.039 --> 00:51:13.119
Whoa, that door opened way weirder.

00:51:13.599 --> 00:51:14.239
Come on, buddy.

00:51:14.480 --> 00:51:15.119
Go, buddy.

00:51:15.360 --> 00:51:15.679
Okay.

00:51:16.400 --> 00:51:18.480
James loved talking.

00:51:18.639 --> 00:51:27.119
He was passionate with speaking at length about theology and law and hunting and political theory.

00:51:27.440 --> 00:51:31.360
Anything that he was basically resolved in, right?

00:51:31.519 --> 00:51:35.280
Yeah, and he struggled at noticing when the audience was ready to move on.

00:51:35.599 --> 00:51:38.320
Oliver, please don't.

00:51:39.119 --> 00:51:46.800
So observers recorded instances where he spoke for long stretches without pause, hoping, hopping from one idea to the next.

00:51:47.039 --> 00:51:47.679
Yep.

00:51:48.079 --> 00:51:54.239
Um, one ambassador noted that James changed subjects with unusual swiftness.

00:51:55.199 --> 00:51:55.519
Okay.

00:51:56.559 --> 00:52:00.480
James reliance on favorites added another layer to court life.

00:52:00.559 --> 00:52:08.000
His closest companions, Robert Carr and George Villers, the Duke of Buckingham, played enormous roles in his day-to-day affairs.

00:52:08.079 --> 00:52:10.880
And these relationships were politically controversial.

00:52:11.039 --> 00:52:11.679
Yeah.

00:52:12.000 --> 00:52:20.239
Not this, not necessarily because of the romantic um speculation, but because they gave these young men influence far beyond their experience.

00:52:20.400 --> 00:52:20.880
Sure.

00:52:21.119 --> 00:52:25.199
So James valued their loyalty and their warmth and their presence.

00:52:25.519 --> 00:52:33.920
And the court filled with factions and different interests, he trusted those who made him feel secure and genuinely liked.

00:52:34.239 --> 00:52:34.480
Right.

00:52:34.559 --> 00:52:34.800
Yeah.

00:52:34.960 --> 00:52:35.280
Yes.

00:52:35.679 --> 00:52:36.400
I get that.

00:52:36.639 --> 00:52:44.000
So his his awkwardness might have raised some eyebrows, but it also made him more human out of all the monarchs.

00:52:44.400 --> 00:52:45.280
Human, yeah.

00:52:45.599 --> 00:52:45.920
Okay.

00:52:46.320 --> 00:52:47.679
Okay, next question.

00:52:47.920 --> 00:52:49.199
Oh, let's do this.

00:52:50.159 --> 00:52:54.719
James died after falling off a horse during a hunting accident.

00:52:54.960 --> 00:52:55.280
Okay.

00:52:56.400 --> 00:53:00.000
James died of dysentery after years of declining health.

00:53:00.239 --> 00:53:00.559
A.

00:53:01.599 --> 00:53:01.920
B.

00:53:02.239 --> 00:53:04.960
Fucking He fucking died of dysentery.

00:53:05.199 --> 00:53:06.239
Are we on the fucking trailer?

00:53:06.320 --> 00:53:08.800
Are we on the Oregon trailer trail here?

00:53:09.039 --> 00:53:09.280
No.

00:53:09.679 --> 00:53:11.440
Get the Sagar kids.

00:53:12.719 --> 00:53:14.719
They got a new monarch.

00:53:15.119 --> 00:53:16.480
What the really?

00:53:16.880 --> 00:53:17.519
Yes.

00:53:18.079 --> 00:53:19.280
So by 1620.

00:53:19.440 --> 00:53:20.239
That okay.

00:53:20.800 --> 00:53:21.519
Hold on.

00:53:21.679 --> 00:53:27.920
The reason why I picked A is because I thought you put B in as a joke because of our recent Oregon trail fucking.

00:53:28.320 --> 00:53:29.519
No, and that's why I did that.

00:53:29.760 --> 00:53:31.360
So fuck you.

00:53:32.000 --> 00:53:32.800
Kidding, obviously.

00:53:33.039 --> 00:53:39.519
So by the 1620s, James had been king of Scotland for nearly 60 years and king of England for two, for two decades.

00:53:42.000 --> 00:53:42.480
Mm-hmm.

00:53:42.880 --> 00:53:44.320
He was a baby.

00:53:44.559 --> 00:53:47.280
I get that, but damn, fucking hell.

00:53:47.519 --> 00:53:50.480
And he was king of England for two decades.

00:53:50.880 --> 00:53:52.800
So his 1600s, yeah.

00:53:53.039 --> 00:53:56.480
So his later years were shaped by three major themes.

00:53:56.800 --> 00:54:08.400
Declining health, ongoing political strain, and increased uh resilience on excuse me, increased reliance on his favorite, the Duke of Buckingham.

00:54:08.719 --> 00:54:10.639
He really liked the Duke.

00:54:10.800 --> 00:54:11.119
Mm-hmm.

00:54:11.519 --> 00:54:12.559
Bisexual Duke.

00:54:12.960 --> 00:54:17.119
From middle age onward, James struggled with a variety of ailments.

00:54:17.360 --> 00:54:17.679
Okay.

00:54:17.920 --> 00:54:23.199
He had chronic joint pain, arthritis, kidney issues, and recurring fevers.

00:54:23.360 --> 00:54:23.760
Oh boy.

00:54:24.159 --> 00:54:31.599
Many of these were common at the time, but James's physical condition dip deteriorated faster than expected.

00:54:31.920 --> 00:54:32.239
Okay.

00:54:33.519 --> 00:54:43.760
Um accounts um mention gout and slow healing sores and weakness in his legs.

00:54:44.079 --> 00:54:50.719
He was prone to respiratory infections and suffered bouts of illness that left him bedridden for days.

00:54:51.840 --> 00:54:56.880
He disliked exercise and had a notorious sweet tooth.

00:54:57.119 --> 00:54:59.679
He favored rich foods and wine.

00:55:00.000 --> 00:55:00.559
Hello.

00:55:02.159 --> 00:55:02.800
Wine.

00:55:03.920 --> 00:55:12.800
I just so the combination of his diet, his sedentary lifestyle, chronic illness made him weak.

00:55:13.039 --> 00:55:13.679
Right.

00:55:13.920 --> 00:55:22.480
So his relationship with parliament had repeatedly broken down over issues like taxation, foreign policy, and rural prerogative.

00:55:22.960 --> 00:55:28.239
He continued writing, issuing political statements and guiding religious policy.

00:55:28.400 --> 00:55:28.719
Okay.

00:55:29.119 --> 00:55:34.719
But his capacity for sustained leadership was not that it had been in earlier decades.

00:55:35.039 --> 00:55:38.079
No, I'm I'm I would imagine not at this point, but okay.

00:55:38.320 --> 00:55:48.400
So observers noted that he seemed more tired, more easily overwhelmed by disputes, dispute, and more reliant on his trusted advisors to manage the state of affairs.

00:55:48.719 --> 00:55:49.119
Sure.

00:55:49.360 --> 00:55:53.440
By early 1625, James fell seriously ill.

00:55:53.760 --> 00:56:07.360
Ill or the illness was described as fever accompanied by severe gastrointestinal systems, which physicians of the time called tertian fever or bloody flux.

00:56:08.400 --> 00:56:11.760
So that first term you said they didn't know that at the time.

00:56:11.840 --> 00:56:14.320
That's what we called it now applying.

00:56:14.960 --> 00:56:17.920
Modern historians call it dysentery.

00:56:18.400 --> 00:56:19.679
Just so fucked up.

00:56:19.920 --> 00:56:23.920
It caused dehydration, abdominal pain, and rapid weakness.

00:56:24.239 --> 00:56:26.239
And he never made it to Oregon.

00:56:27.760 --> 00:56:32.639
As his condition worse, he moved to like a different house.

00:56:32.960 --> 00:56:34.400
Well, I'm sure he had plenty of them.

00:56:34.559 --> 00:56:34.719
Yeah.

00:56:34.800 --> 00:56:40.719
So he drifted in and out of consciousness, surrounded by attendants and doctors and members of his household.

00:56:40.880 --> 00:56:41.199
Yep.

00:56:41.519 --> 00:56:50.880
Duke of Buckingham remained close, which fed additional rumors, both affectionate and political, but in truth, James was simply slipping away after years of chronic illness.

00:56:51.280 --> 00:56:51.760
Of course.

00:56:52.000 --> 00:56:54.559
Oh my God, he's closing up to the camp.

00:56:55.760 --> 00:56:56.639
Blah, blah, blah.

00:56:56.800 --> 00:56:59.119
It's like he's related.

00:57:01.360 --> 00:57:02.880
Let him do his thing.

00:57:03.199 --> 00:57:09.840
James died on March 27, 1625, uh, from a combination of dysentery fever and organ failure.

00:57:10.079 --> 00:57:10.639
That's a good year.

00:57:10.880 --> 00:57:12.159
He was 58 years old.

00:57:12.320 --> 00:57:12.559
Wow.

00:57:12.639 --> 00:57:13.679
I mean, that's pretty good.

00:57:14.000 --> 00:57:15.679
For a man who survived kidnapping.

00:57:16.000 --> 00:57:19.519
So if he was 58, how did he rule for 60 years in Scotland?

00:57:19.760 --> 00:57:23.440
It's almost 60 is what nearly I said nearly 60.

00:57:23.679 --> 00:57:24.320
Sorry, I missed that.

00:57:24.480 --> 00:57:24.800
That's okay.

00:57:24.960 --> 00:57:25.519
My apologies.

00:57:26.000 --> 00:57:33.679
So he survived kidnappings, assassination plots, paranoia, political upheaval, court drama.

00:57:34.400 --> 00:57:36.800
He was ready to just be freaking human and die.

00:57:37.039 --> 00:57:39.920
Yeah, at this point, because he's like, I'm good.

00:57:40.320 --> 00:57:44.480
James was buried in Westminster Abbey next to his wife Anna of Denmark.

00:57:44.559 --> 00:57:51.920
Oh he they did have a son, Charles I, who did succeed him, and he had additional challenges that he had to face, and maybe we'll go into him in the future.

00:57:52.159 --> 00:57:53.679
Every king did, but yeah.

00:57:53.840 --> 00:57:58.079
Um he James left behind an interesting legacy.

00:57:58.320 --> 00:57:58.639
Right.

00:57:58.880 --> 00:58:14.559
A united crown of England and Scotland, a massive literary influence through the King James Bible, and a reign defined by intellect, anxiety, and earnest, sometimes awkward attempts at stability.

00:58:14.800 --> 00:58:15.679
No, that makes sense.

00:58:15.760 --> 00:58:16.239
Yeah.

00:58:16.480 --> 00:58:20.960
So out of all the ways a king could go out, dysentery is probably the most humbling, wouldn't you think?

00:58:21.280 --> 00:58:24.480
I mean I did not expect that.

00:58:24.960 --> 00:58:28.800
I thought that was a joke with the Oregon Trail episodes.

00:58:28.880 --> 00:58:30.639
But you know what a joke is?

00:58:32.320 --> 00:58:34.800
A joke is that we're all out of this wine.

00:58:36.000 --> 00:58:37.280
Can I finish what I was gonna say?

00:58:37.679 --> 00:58:38.159
Yeah.

00:58:39.599 --> 00:58:40.159
Yes.

00:58:40.400 --> 00:58:41.280
Yeah, I know.

00:58:41.599 --> 00:58:50.880
No, it's it's it's funny that like because obviously with most kings, they hope to live a long, happy life and rule and all that time, and it doesn't always happen that way.

00:58:51.119 --> 00:58:54.320
But for him to die of dysentery, it's like seriously.

00:58:55.039 --> 00:58:56.719
Where's my oxen cart?

00:58:57.920 --> 00:58:59.039
That's fucked up.

00:58:59.119 --> 00:59:00.800
I didn't know he died of dysentery.

00:59:01.039 --> 00:59:01.360
Yeah.

00:59:01.519 --> 00:59:02.239
That's wild.

00:59:02.480 --> 00:59:05.679
So there's obviously a lot more to James's life.

00:59:05.920 --> 00:59:06.159
Of course.

00:59:06.559 --> 00:59:13.599
I just kind of cherry pick some things like the witch hunts and the Bible A to B kind of thing.

00:59:13.920 --> 00:59:15.760
There's a plethora of more.

00:59:16.159 --> 00:59:17.360
There is so much more.

00:59:17.519 --> 00:59:22.000
I had a really hard time narrowing down what I wanted to talk about.

00:59:22.400 --> 00:59:28.480
Well, because we we try to keep it, you know, our ish, give or take, obviously, but I understand that.

00:59:28.719 --> 00:59:40.320
I did not know that this particular King James was the product or the King James Bible was the pro Bible was the product of him.

00:59:40.400 --> 00:59:41.360
I didn't I did not know that.

00:59:41.519 --> 00:59:41.679
Yeah.

00:59:41.920 --> 00:59:42.559
So okay.

00:59:42.880 --> 00:59:43.360
That's crazy.

00:59:43.599 --> 00:59:43.760
Yeah.

00:59:44.880 --> 00:59:48.000
I did know that he was King of England and Scotland at the same time.

00:59:48.320 --> 00:59:48.800
I did know that.

00:59:49.039 --> 00:59:54.719
But I didn't know that he was the the King James Bible James.

00:59:54.800 --> 00:59:56.800
So no, that was cool.

00:59:57.119 --> 00:59:57.360
Yeah.

00:59:57.760 --> 00:59:58.559
Fucking wild.

00:59:58.880 --> 01:00:04.320
How did you like the The uh blackberry citrus buzz from Dwar Peninsula Winery.

01:00:04.480 --> 01:00:05.519
It was delicious.

01:00:06.480 --> 01:00:08.320
So is my channel tonic.

01:00:08.639 --> 01:00:09.039
Good.

01:00:12.079 --> 01:00:13.599
Yeah, it was it was it was really good.

01:00:14.239 --> 01:00:14.800
It was very tasty.

01:00:14.960 --> 01:00:16.639
It's definitely sweet.

01:00:17.119 --> 01:00:18.239
It was on the sweeter side.

01:00:18.559 --> 01:00:19.039
But so good.

01:00:19.119 --> 01:00:19.599
Oh my goodness.

01:00:20.000 --> 01:00:22.320
But not like, oh my god, I can't drink this sweet.

01:00:22.960 --> 01:00:26.000
I've had some some beverages where it's like too sweet.

01:00:26.400 --> 01:00:27.119
Fuck that.

01:00:27.440 --> 01:00:27.679
Yeah.

01:00:27.840 --> 01:00:29.119
Yeah, but this wasn't bad, no.

01:00:29.199 --> 01:00:29.360
Yeah.

01:00:30.159 --> 01:00:31.039
It was really good.

01:00:31.360 --> 01:00:32.800
And I enjoyed the story.

01:00:32.880 --> 01:00:33.039
So.

01:00:33.280 --> 01:00:34.880
And good job with all the questions.

01:00:35.119 --> 01:00:35.679
Well, thank you.

01:00:35.840 --> 01:00:36.320
I tried.

01:00:36.480 --> 01:00:37.039
Yeah.

01:00:37.360 --> 01:00:37.760
Well.

01:00:38.000 --> 01:00:38.639
I suppose.

01:00:38.880 --> 01:00:39.840
Alright, buffoons.

01:00:39.920 --> 01:00:41.199
That's it for today's episode.

01:00:41.599 --> 01:00:45.599
Buckle up because we've got another historical adventure waiting for you next time.

01:00:45.840 --> 01:00:48.000
Feeling hungry for more buffoonery?

01:00:48.159 --> 01:00:52.960
Or maybe you have a burning question or a wild historical theory for us to explore?

01:00:53.199 --> 01:00:54.639
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01:00:54.719 --> 01:00:59.440
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01:00:59.599 --> 01:01:03.920
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01:01:04.079 --> 01:01:07.119
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01:01:07.280 --> 01:01:12.000
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01:01:12.159 --> 01:01:15.519
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01:01:15.679 --> 01:01:18.320
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